Leaving Cert Geography Notes
Free Leaving Cert Geography revision notes for Higher Level. Browse 30 topics and read online without an account.
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Explore plate tectonics, rivers, the sea and glaciation alongside regions, population and urban geography, economic topics, the options and mapwork skills.
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Exam guideThis guide covers the 2027 Leaving Certificate Geography Higher Level examination.Aerial PhotosAn aerial photograph is simply a photograph of the landscape taken from above, from an aircraft or a drone.Earthquakes & VolcanoesThis note covers the tectonic, volcanic, and seismic part of Core Unit 1 – the tectonic cycle (1.1) and the volcanic, plutonic, and faulting landforms of 1.3.Economic - Developing EconomiesEconomic development describes how a country increases its wealth while improving living standards, healthcare, education, and basic infrastructure for its…Economic - EnergyEnergy extraction is studied as a primary activity in Core Unit 2 (2.2 mining/energy), while electricity generation is a secondary activity.Economic - Environmental ImpactEconomic activity drives employment, regional investment, and material living standards, but every economic choice leaves an imprint on the physical…Economic - European UnionThe European Union operates as one of the world's most influential trading blocs, comprising 27 member states and generating over 15% of global merchandise…Economic - Multinationals & GlobalisationElective Unit 4.3 examines how economic activities cross borders to build a single interdependent global economy.Elective - EconomicElective Unit 4 examines the uneven spatial distribution of global economic activity, the structures of modern multinational companies, Ireland's role…Elective - HumanElective Unit 5 examines the dynamics of human populations and settlements across space and time for the Leaving Certificate Higher Level examination.GlaciationGlaciers begin on mountain slopes where winter snowfall regularly exceeds summer melt.Human - PopulationPopulation density measures the average concentration of people living per square kilometre of land:Human - Urban GeographyWe explain where a settlement is using two ideas: its site (the physical ground it is built on) and its situation (where it is in relation to the…Karst RegionsIllustrated explanations, key terms and self-check questions.MapworkOrdnance Survey Ireland maps on the Leaving Certificate exam are drawn to a scale of 1:50 000.Option - Atmosphere & OceanThis option looks at the atmosphere and the oceans as one connected system.Option - Culture & IdentityOptional Unit 8 (Culture and Identity) is examined exclusively at Higher Level as an 80-mark discursive essay in Part Two of the terminal examination.Option - GeoecologyA standard fertile loam consists of four components in balance: roughly 45% mineral matter, 5% organic matter, 25% water, and 25% air.Option - Global InterdependenceOptional Unit 6: Global Interdependence is an option for Higher Level students only.Plate TectonicsTo understand plate tectonics, we must distinguish between internal and external forces acting on the crust:PROJECT - InvestigationThe Geographical Investigation (Core Unit 3) is a compulsory coursework project worth 20% of your final Leaving Certificate Geography mark.Regions - ContinentalFor Leaving Certificate Higher Level Geography, Core Unit 2 requires the study of one continental or subcontinental region outside Europe.Regions - EuropeanIn Leaving Certificate Higher Level Geography, a region is any area of the Earth's surface that we can identify and map using specific criteria.Regions - IrelandRegional Geography (Core Unit 2) examines how physical, economic, and human processes interact across geographical space.RiversA river works as an open system. It gathers water and sediment across its drainage basin and carries them down to the sea.Rocks, Weathering & Mass MovementGeomorphology distinguishes clearly between three related processes:Tables/Graphs QuestionsTables, graphs, and visual figures form a central part of the Leaving Certificate Geography examination.The SeaWaves are formed by wind blowing over the surface of the sea.Urban Land UsesCities do not grow by accident. Their activities cluster into distinct zones shaped by accessibility, land costs, and planning policy.Weather & ClimateWeather describes the day-to-day conditions of the atmosphere such as temperature, precipitation, and wind, whereas climate is the thirty-year statistical…
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