Written Composition - Opinion Piece

Leaving Cert Higher Level Italian revision notes.

3 min readHigher LevelBy Studytok
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Conditions, Opinions, and Subjunctive Structures

Higher Level marking criteria reward a range of structures. Showing control of conditions and opinion clauses will set your oral and written work apart.

Two Types of 'Se' Clauses

Be careful not to mix up likely conditions with hypothetical ones:

  1. Real, likely conditions: Use the present or future indicative after se, followed by the present or future indicative in the main clause. Either form is correct:
  • Se prendo abbastanza punti, andrò all'università. (If I get enough points, I will go to university.)
  • Se prenderò abbastanza punti, andrò all'università. (Slightly more formal, but equally correct.)
  1. Hypothetical or unlikely conditions: Use se + congiuntivo imperfetto, followed by the condizionale in the result clause:
  • Se avessi più tempo libero, farei volontariato. (If I had more free time, I would do volunteer work.)
  • Se vincessi la lotteria, viaggerei per tutto il mondo. (If I won the lottery, I would travel all over the world.)
  • Se fossi il ministro dell'istruzione, abolirei il sistema dei punti. (If I were the Minister for Education, I would abolish the points system.)

Never put the conditional directly after se. Writing se avrei is an immediate red flag for examiners.

Expressing Opinions with the Congiuntivo Presente

When expressing opinions with che, verbs of opinion, belief, or necessity take the congiuntivo presente in the subordinate clause:

  • Penso che il sistema dei punti sia troppo stressante. (I think the points system is too stressful.)
  • Credo che un lavoro part-time abbia molti vantaggi. (I believe a part-time job has many advantages.)
  • È importante che i giovani facciano sport per rilassarsi. (It is important that young people play sport to relax.)

Key irregular present subjunctive forms to memorise: essere → sia; avere → abbia; fare → faccia; andare → vada; potere → possa.

If you want to state a clear opinion without triggering the subjunctive, use Secondo me... or A mio parere... followed by the regular indicative: Secondo me, l'orario scolastico è troppo lungo.

To structure an opinion piece: Da un lato… dall'altro (on the one hand… on the other), Tuttavia (however), Per concludere (to conclude).

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